Teleprompter

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Telescript redirects here. For the programming language of the same name, see General Magic.

Schematic representation:

(1) Video camera | (2) Shroud
(3) Video monitor | (4) One-way mirror
(5) Image from subject | (6) Image from video monitor

A teleprompter is a display device that prompts the person speaking with an electronic visual text of a speech or script. Using a teleprompter is similar to the practice of using cue cards. The screen is in front of the lens of the camera, and the words on the screen are reflected to the eyes of the speaker using a one-way mirror (Note that this is only true in principle — when the space between the lens and the mirror is covered in a shroud, an ordinary glass pane will work as a one way mirror). As the speaker does not need to look down to consult written notes, he or she appears to have memorized the speech or be speaking spontaneously, and will look directly into the camera lens. Cue cards, on the other hand, will always be placed away from the lens axis, making the speaker look at a point beside the camera, which leaves a "distracted" impression.

Contents

1 History
2 Etymology
3 Modern design

3.1 Television
3.2 Speeches
3.3 Concerts

4 External links

[edit] History

The first "teleprompters" were simply mechanical devices located near the camera. The script was printed on a paper scroll, which was advanced as the performer read.

The TelePrompTer company was founded in the 1950s by Fred Barton Jr., Hubert J. (Hub) Schlafly and Irving Berlin Kahn. Barton was an actor who suggested the concept of the teleprompter as a means of assisting television performers who had to memorize large amounts of material in a short time.

The first Personal computer-based Teleprompter, Compu=Prompt appeared in 1982. It was invented and marketed by Courtney M. Goodin & Laurence B. Abrams in Hollywood, California. This custom software and specially re-designed camera hardware ran on the ATARI 800 Personal Computer. Their company later became ProPrompt Inc., which is still providing teleprompting services some 23 years later. Other paper-based Teleprompting companies Q-TV and Telescript followed suit and developed their own software several years later, when computers with enough graphics power to provide the smooth scrolling text became available..

It should also be noted that Jess Oppenheimer, producer of "I Love Lucy", rightfully claims credit for the original concept of the teleprompter and was awarded the U.S. patent for its creation. Used for Lucille Ball to read commercials on-camera, it soon became the staple for the newscast industry.

[edit] Etymology

The word TelePrompTer, with internal capitalization, originated as a trade name used by the TelePrompTer Company, who first developed the electronic device in the 1950s.

The word teleprompter, with no capitalization, had become a genericized trademark because it is used to refer to similar systems manufactured by many different companies. The United States Patent Office does not have any "live" trademarks registered for the word "teleprompter," but this does not rule out the possibility of a company enforcing the trademark without registering it. Some other common generic terms for this type of device include:

electronic speech notes
cueing device
idiot board (slang)
prompter
autocue (in certain Commonwealth countries)

[edit] Modern design

[edit] Television

Photo of a teleprompter displaying text

Modern teleprompters for news programs consist of a personal computer, connected to video monitors on each camera. The monitors are often black-and-white monochrome, and have the horizontal scanning reversed to compensate for the reflection of the mirror. A peripheral device attached to the serial port has a knob that can be turned to speed up or slow down the scrolling of the text. The text is usually displayed in white capital letters on a black background for the best readability, while cues are in inverse video (black on white). Difficult words (mainly foreign names) are spelled out phonetically, as are other particulars like "Nine-eleven" (to specify that the event 9/11 should not be pronounced "nine-one-one", for example).

President Clinton during the 1997 State of the Union. Notice the presidential glass in front of him.

[edit] Speeches

Teleprompters are often used for speeches as well. In this application they are called Conference Teleprompter Systems. In this case, the reflector is usually a piece of glass with a special partially reflective coating. It is mostly transparent so as not to block the view of the speaker by the audience or cameras. Usually two of these are set up, one on either side of the podium (if there is one), so the speaker can look around at the audience and always be able to see one. Except for these aesthetic changes, they work the same as for television. This style of teleprompter is often called presidential glass in the USA, due to its association with speeches made by the President of the United States.

[edit] Concerts

Teleprompters are sometimes used in concerts, to assist performers who have trouble remembering the words to songs. The teleprompter may be of the kind used in speeches, or may just be a monitor set into the stage floor. Notable singers who have regularly used teleprompters during concerts include Frank Sinatra, Bruce Springsteen, Axl Rose of Guns N' Roses, Elton John,Ozzy Osbourne, and Bernard Sumner of New Order.

[edit] External links

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Lenox Softworks Inc. The manufacturers of the only full featured Mac and Windows Telepromping software available.
Computer Prompting Services, Inc. - The home page for the leading teleprompting firm in Los Angeles, who have, for more than 20 years, done everything from the big award shows like the Academy Awards and the Grammys to small independent productions.
Plasti-Prompter - A cheap DIY teleprompter for webcams created by Max Rottersman
ProPrompt.com - Home of Compu=Prompt, the first personal computer based teleprompting system, invented by Courtney M. Goodin and Laurence B. Abrams in 1983.
ProPrompter.com - ProPrompter, the first PocketPC based teleprompting system for TV production.
Review of VideoCue desktop video teleprompter for Macintosh
Visual Communicator desktop video teleprompter for the PC
Functionality explanation and an illustration of the Conference Teleprompter System (german)
Prompt! - A free teleprompter for webcams or video production for Windows and Macintosh
TeleprompterPlans.com - Plans for making a teleprompter that does not need reverse-text software for script. Wealth of information useful for audio and video production.
>autoscript - A London and USA based manufacturer of professional teleprompter software and hardware.
A simple home-made teleprompter. (creativepro.com)
Autocue - Manufacturer of professional teleprompter software and LCDs
>Telescript- Makers of professional grade teleprompting hardware and software for nearly 50 years.
Prompta- Teleprompter hardware and software

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleprompter"

Categories: Wikipedia spam cleanup | Television technology | Film and video technology

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